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Cranial Nerves
Cranial Nerves: there are 12 paired cranial nerves which arise from the brain or brainstem and which are responsible for a variety of critical neurological sensory and motor functions. They include: CN I – olfactory nerves; for olfaction (sense of smell) CN II – optic nerves; for sight CN III – oculomotor nerves; for most eye movements CN IV – trochlear nerves; for moving the eyes down and inward CN V – trigeminal nerves; for facial sensation and muscles of mastication (chewing muscles) CN VI – abducens nerves; for moving the eyes outward CN VII – facial nerves; for facial muscle innervation CN VIII – vestibulo-cochlear nerves – for hearing and balance CN IX – glossopharyngeal nerves – for sensation of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue, tonsils and pharnynx, for swallowing and the gag reflex and for parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland CN X – vagal nerves – for muscles in the mouth and larynx and for parasympathetic innervation of many organs in the body CN XI – spinal accessory nerves – for neck movements through the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles CN XII – hypoglossal nerves – for tongue movements

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Brain & Skull Base Tumors